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British Aviation Colours of World War Two book insert - Spectrophtometer readouts and sample recipes using Tamiya, Liquitex and Golden Fluid Acrylics


Casey

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Here is the data I've gathered from British Aviation colours of World War Two book:

 

25ed578300601ed448238047015e4aaf.jpg

 

Keep in mind that it is a book from late 70's, so there is a certain amount of ageing on paint chips.

 

Here are the raw data, for D65/10 light/observer and D/8 geometry SCI spectrophotometer.

 

6998af78d552ce67076a8a9024ea3146.png

I've also calculated and tested recipes for those. Please note that the RGB values in the raw data above are calculated by my spectrophotometer for D65/10 deg observer while sRGB is defined as D65/2 deg - my math for recipe calculation reflects that.  Paint mixing is made in spectral space for each wavelengths in 400-700nm range (with 10nm resolution) anyway

 

That also means, RGB's will be slightly different

 

Golden Fluid Acrylics have finish depending on the pigment, so you need to add matt medium to get them to matt (flat) level, I like Liquitex Ultra Matte medium or Golden Matt Fluid Medium, I usually use 1:1 medium to paint ratio.

Liquitex Basic Fluids are satin, so you will need matt medium, but you can get away without it if you like satin finish

 

Tamiya Acrylics are dead flat.

Tamiya Lacquers are glass glossy, so you need to cover them with flat clear.

 

Because Tamiya are only using a very few pigments the color matches are metameric at best. I've added metamerism report to the results - in this report instead of one color and target simulation I give 3 pair of color simulations for: daylight (6500K), warm incandescent light (2856K) and fluorescent (cheap 'cool white' LED, ~4200K) and also the DE00 values for those. One example of poor metameric match is Azure Blue in Tamiya Acrylics, the color is too saturated and too 'blue' under incandescent light even if it looks fine in daylight.

 

When using MASS, calculate the ratios using scales and weight the paint. Paints do not have equal density. Only Tamiya recipes are calculated for volume.

 

Golden Fluid Acrylics, using MASS

Spoiler

RAF01 - Light Earth | GU 4.0
    Target: #AB8D68, Mixture: #AA8D69
        Raw Umber: 5 parts
        Transparent Red Iron Oxide: 2 parts
        Diarylide Yellow: 2 parts
        Titanium White: 11 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.27
RAF02 - Dark Earth | GU 3.3
    Target: #79654E, Mixture: #7A654F
        Titan Green Pale: 5 parts
        Raw Sienna: 33 parts
        Van Dyke Brown Hue: 9 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.18
RAF03 - Light Green | GU 2.9
    Target: #666A58, Mixture: #666958
        Primary Cyan: 5 parts
        Transparent Red Iron Oxide: 13 parts
        Titanium White: 7 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.28
RAF04 - Dark Green | GU 2.6
    Target: #57594D, Mixture: #585A4E
        Teal: 7 parts
        Van Dyke Brown Hue: 19 parts
        Hansa Yellow Opaque: 2 parts
        Titanium White: 1 part
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.21
RAF05 - Extra Dark Sea Green | GU 2.9
    Target: #54625A, Mixture: #54615A
        Carbon Black: 5 parts
        Permanent Green Light: 10 parts
        Diarylide Yellow: 3 parts
        Titanium White: 11 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.25
RAF06 - Grey Green | GU 3.2
    Target: #758A70, Mixture: #758A70
        Raw Umber: 9 parts
        Primary Cyan: 2 parts
        Permanent Green Light: 4 parts
        Diarylide Yellow: 2 parts
        Titanium White: 15 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.18
RAF07 - Medium Sea Grey | GU 3.0
    Target: #889199, Mixture: #879199
        Bone Black: 17 parts
        Titan Green Pale: 1 part
        Prussian Blue Hue: 1 part
        Titanium White: 28 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.33
RAF08 - Dark Sea Grey | GU 3.5
    Target: #6C7179, Mixture: #6B7179
        Carbon Black: 7 parts
        Titan Green Pale: 38 parts
        Dioxazine Purple: 1 part
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.13
RAF09 - Extra Dark Sea Grey | GU 4.4
    Target: #5E636B, Mixture: #5F636A
        Carbon Black: 6 parts
        Titan Buff: 26 parts
        Quinacridone Violet: 1 part
        Titanium White: 1 part
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.24
RAF10 - Ocean Grey | GU 5.5
    Target: #6B7478, Mixture: #6A7478
        Bone Black: 12 parts
        Titan Green Pale: 8 parts
        Anthraquinone Blue: 1 part
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.25
RAF11 - Light Slate Grey | GU 3.0
    Target: #697368, Mixture: #697368
        Titan Green Pale: 3 parts
        Primary Cyan: 1 part
        Van Dyke Brown Hue: 2 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.20
RAF12 - Dark Slate Grey | GU 4.2
    Target: #696B62, Mixture: #696B62
        Carbon Black: 3 parts
        Burnt Sienna: 15 parts
        Permanent Green Light: 4 parts
        Diarylide Yellow: 2 parts
        Titanium White: 14 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.15
RAF13 - Sky Grey | GU 3.0
    Target: #A6AAAA, Mixture: #A5AAAA
        Bone Black: 6 parts
        Titan Green Pale: 5 parts
        Titanium White: 18 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.32
RAF14 - Sky | GU 3.3
    Target: #B4BCA3, Mixture: #B3BAA2
        Bone Black: 3 parts
        Titan Green Pale: 20 parts
        Primary Yellow: 2 parts
        Titanium White: 11 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.29
RAF15 - Deep Sky | GU 4.8
    Target: #3B5479, Mixture: #3C557A
        Phthalo Blue (Red Shade): 18 parts
        Phthalo Green (Yellow Shade): 5 parts
        Naphthol Red Medium: 6 parts
        Titanium White: 15 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.27
RAF16 - Sky Blue | GU 4.4
    Target: #B6C3C8, Mixture: #B3C3C9
        Raw Umber: 2 parts
        Prussian Blue Hue: 1 part
        Titanium White: 41 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 1.06
RAF17 - Azure Blue | GU 3.3
    Target: #889EC7, Mixture: #879EC8
        Yellow Ochre: 1 part
        Primary Cyan: 2 parts
        Prussian Blue Hue: 3 parts
        Quinacridone Magenta: 2 parts
        Titanium White: 38 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.21
RAF18 - Light Mediterranean Blue | GU 3.2
    Target: #607390, Mixture: #607391
        Carbon Black: 2 parts
        Prussian Blue Hue: 9 parts
        Quinacridone Magenta: 2 parts
        Titanium White: 25 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.22
RAF19 - Dark Mediterranean Blue | GU 2.7
    Target: #445574, Mixture: #455573
        Prussian Blue Hue: 7 parts
        Naphthol Red Light: 1 part
        Titanium White: 3 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.27
RAF20 - P.R.U. Blue | GU 2.9
    Target: #546F7A, Mixture: #546E7A
        Bone Black: 18 parts
        Teal: 6 parts
        Prussian Blue Hue: 4 parts
        Titanium White: 7 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.28
RAF21 - Middle Stone | GU 3.1
    Target: #A8884D, Mixture: #A8884C
        Bone Black: 3 parts
        Yellow Oxide: 19 parts
        Primary Yellow: 4 parts
        Transparent Red Iron Oxide: 1 part
        Titanium White: 2 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.22
RAF22 - Night | GU 2.2
    Target: #3F3E3F, Mixture: #3F3E3F
        Carbon Black: 3 parts
        Raw Umber: 5 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.24
RAF23 - Yellow | GU 4.6
    Target: #E9A530, Mixture: #E8A42E
        Red Oxide: 2 parts
        Cadmium Yellow Medium Hue: 28 parts
        Diarylide Yellow: 5 parts
        Titanium White: 8 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.34
RAF24 - Red | GU 2.7
    Target: #8F4D40, Mixture: #8F4D41
        Yellow Ochre: 12 parts
        Raw Umber: 3 parts
        Cadmium Red Medium Hue: 8 parts
        Diarylide Yellow: 2 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.13
RAF25 - Blue | GU 2.4
    Target: #3F495B, Mixture: #3E485B
        Titan Buff: 1 part
        Payne's Gray: 8 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.28
RAF27 - Matt Red | GU 2.8
    Target: #A7383C, Mixture: #A7373C
        Yellow Oxide: 1 part
        Naphthol Red Medium: 4 parts
        Pyrrole Red Light: 1 part
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.30
RAF28 - Matt Blue | GU 5.4
    Target: #43527B, Mixture: #44527B
        Yellow Ochre: 4 parts
        Primary Cyan: 20 parts
        Quinacridone Magenta: 7 parts
        Titanium White: 5 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.26
RAF29 - Semi Matt Black | GU 5.0
    Target: #3F3E3F, Mixture: #3F3E3F
        Carbon Black: 6 parts
        Raw Umber: 11 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.27

 

Liquitex Basic Fluids, using MASS

Spoiler

RAF01 - Light Earth | GU 4.0
    Target: #AB8D68, Mixture: #AA8D67
        Burnt Umber: 3 parts
        Cadmium Yellow Deep Hue: 2 parts
        Unbleached Titanium: 8 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.50
RAF02 - Dark Earth | GU 3.3
    Target: #79654E, Mixture: #7A654E
        Mars Black: 4 parts
        Raw Sienna: 32 parts
        Titanium White: 7 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.39
RAF03 - Light Green | GU 2.9
    Target: #666A58, Mixture: #666A57
        Mars Black: 11 parts
        Cadmium Yellow Deep Hue: 17 parts
        Titanium White: 17 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.59
RAF04 - Dark Green | GU 2.6
    Target: #57594D, Mixture: #58594E
        Transparent Mixing White: 2 parts
        Ivory Black: 5 parts
        Cadmium Yellow Medium Hue: 2 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.45
RAF05 - Extra Dark Sea Green | GU 2.9
    Target: #54625A, Mixture: #546158
        Phthalocyanine Green: 2 parts
        Ivory Black: 19 parts
        Cadmium Yellow Medium Hue: 4 parts
        Titanium White: 4 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.45
RAF06 - Grey Green | GU 3.2
    Target: #758A70, Mixture: #758A6F
        Mars Black: 4 parts
        Phthalocyanine Green: 3 parts
        Cadmium Yellow Deep Hue: 8 parts
        Titanium White: 21 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.60
RAF07 - Medium Sea Grey | GU 3.0
    Target: #889199, Mixture: #889299
        Primary Blue: 1 part
        Alizarin Crimson Hue Permanent: 1 part
        Ivory Black: 17 parts
        Titanium White: 24 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.53
RAF08 - Dark Sea Grey | GU 3.5
    Target: #6C7179, Mixture: #6C7178
        Mars Black: 1 part
        Ivory Black: 5 parts
        Titanium White: 4 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.55
RAF09 - Extra Dark Sea Grey | GU 4.4
    Target: #5E636B, Mixture: #5D636A
        Mars Black: 3 parts
        Burnt Umber: 2 parts
        Payne's Gray: 8 parts
        Titanium White: 6 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.39
RAF10 - Ocean Grey | GU 5.5
    Target: #6B7478, Mixture: #6B7477
        Mars Black: 6 parts
        Primary Yellow: 1 part
        Unbleached Titanium: 25 parts
        Payne's Gray: 8 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.58
RAF11 - Light Slate Grey | GU 3.0
    Target: #697368, Mixture: #6A7368
        Mars Black: 6 parts
        Phthalocyanine Green: 4 parts
        Raw Sienna: 12 parts
        Titanium White: 17 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.46
RAF12 - Dark Slate Grey | GU 4.2
    Target: #696B62, Mixture: #686961
        Cadmium Yellow Deep Hue: 1 part
        Transparent Mixing White: 8 parts
        Ivory Black: 9 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.53
RAF13 - Sky Grey | GU 3.0
    Target: #A6AAAA, Mixture: #A6AAAB
        Mars Black: 1 part
        Ivory Black: 7 parts
        Unbleached Titanium: 9 parts
        Titanium White: 30 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.50
RAF14 - Sky | GU 3.3
    Target: #B4BCA3, Mixture: #B3BBA2
        Light Green Permanent: 2 parts
        Ivory Black: 3 parts
        Unbleached Titanium: 15 parts
        Titanium White: 13 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.44
RAF15 - Deep Sky | GU 4.8
    Target: #3B5479, Mixture: #3B557C
        Primary Blue: 13 parts
        Raw Sienna: 1 part
        Quinacridone Magenta: 6 parts
        Titanium White: 3 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.59
RAF16 - Sky Blue | GU 4.4
    Target: #B6C3C8, Mixture: #B6C4C8
        Primary Blue: 1 part
        Alizarin Crimson Hue Permanent: 2 parts
        Unbleached Titanium: 9 parts
        Titanium White: 37 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.10
RAF17 - Azure Blue | GU 3.3
    Target: #889EC7, Mixture: #889DC6
        Mars Black: 1 part
        Primary Blue: 3 parts
        Dioxazine Purple: 3 parts
        Titanium White: 40 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.53
RAF18 - Light Mediterranean Blue | GU 3.2
    Target: #607390, Mixture: #5F738F
        Mars Black: 4 parts
        Ultramarine Blue: 12 parts
        Titanium White: 15 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.58
RAF19 - Dark Mediterranean Blue | GU 2.7
    Target: #445574, Mixture: #465573
        Primary Blue: 10 parts
        Burnt Umber: 3 parts
        Quinacridone Magenta: 8 parts
        Titanium White: 4 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.45
RAF20 - P.R.U. Blue | GU 2.9
    Target: #546F7A, Mixture: #556F79
        Primary Blue: 2 parts
        Ivory Black: 9 parts
        Titanium White: 4 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.46
RAF21 - Middle Stone | GU 3.1
    Target: #A8884D, Mixture: #A7894B
        Primary Blue: 1 part
        Cadmium Orange Hue: 11 parts
        Cadmium Yellow Medium Hue: 28 parts
        Titanium White: 8 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.17
RAF22 - Night | GU 2.2
    Target: #3F3E3F, Mixture: #3F3E3F
        Mars Black: 7 parts
        Titanium White: 1 part
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.11
RAF23 - Yellow | GU 4.6
    Target: #E9A530, Mixture: #E6A532
        Burnt Sienna: 1 part
        Cadmium Yellow Medium Hue: 40 parts
        Unbleached Titanium: 2 parts
        Titanium White: 5 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.50
RAF24 - Red | GU 2.7
    Target: #8F4D40, Mixture: #8C4E41
        Ivory Black: 4 parts
        Naphthol Crimson: 7 parts
        Vivid Red Orange: 19 parts
        Titanium White: 2 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.60
RAF25 - Blue | GU 2.4
    Target: #3F495B, Mixture: #404A5B
        Primary Blue: 16 parts
        Burnt Sienna: 1 part
        Naphthol Crimson: 10 parts
        Titanium White: 2 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.44
RAF27 - Matt Red | GU 2.8
    Target: #A7383C, Mixture: #A6393E
        Raw Sienna: 2 parts
        Cadmium Yellow Light Hue: 3 parts
        Naphthol Crimson: 16 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.60
RAF28 - Matt Blue | GU 5.4
    Target: #43527B, Mixture: #44527B
        Primary Blue: 12 parts
        Raw Sienna: 1 part
        Quinacridone Magenta: 11 parts
        Titanium White: 4 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.46
RAF29 - Semi Matt Black | GU 5.0
    Target: #3F3E3F, Mixture: #3E3D3E
        Mars Black: 15 parts
        Titanium White: 2 parts
   100x100100x100
    D65 (daylight) DE00: 0.30

 

Tamiya Acrylics using VOLUME

Spoiler

RAF01 - Light Earth | GU 4.0
    Target: #AB8D68, Mixture: #AB8D67
        XF-3 Flat Yellow: 5 parts
        XF-9 Hull Red: 1 part
        XF-10 Flat Brown: 1 part
        XF-59 Desert Yellow: 32 parts
        XF-2 Flat White: 10 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.31 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.23 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.45 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF02 - Dark Earth | GU 3.3
    Target: #79654E, Mixture: #7A644E
        XF-3 Flat Yellow: 2 parts
        XF-7 Flat Red: 3 parts
        XF-27 Black Green: 1 part
        XF-49 Khaki: 6 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.16 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.63 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 1.17 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF03 - Light Green | GU 2.9
    Target: #666A58, Mixture: #666957
        XF-1 Flat Black: 3 parts
        XF-4 Yellow Green: 6 parts
        XF-11 J.N. Green: 11 parts
        XF-59 Desert Yellow: 30 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.24 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.63 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.30 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF04 - Dark Green | GU 2.6
    Target: #57594D, Mixture: #57594E
        XF-1 Flat Black: 6 parts
        XF-49 Khaki: 19 parts
        XF-58 Olive Green: 13 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.16 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.10 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.28 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF05 - Extra Dark Sea Green | GU 2.9
    Target: #54625A, Mixture: #546159
        XF-8 Flat Blue: 4 parts
        XF-11 J.N. Green: 20 parts
        XF-59 Desert Yellow: 13 parts
        XF-2 Flat White: 9 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.24 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.66 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.40 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF06 - Grey Green | GU 3.2
    Target: #758A70, Mixture: #76886F
        XF-2 Flat White: 4 parts
        XF-26 Deep Green: 2 parts
        XF-59 Desert Yellow: 1 part
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.57 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 1.67 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 1.04 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF07 - Medium Sea Grey | GU 3.0
    Target: #889199, Mixture: #889199
        XF-18 Medium Blue: 3 parts
        XF-24 Dark Grey: 5 parts
        XF-2 Flat White: 25 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.06 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.05 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.16 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF08 - Dark Sea Grey | GU 3.5
    Target: #6C7179, Mixture: #6B7178
        XF-7 Flat Red: 4 parts
        XF-17 Sea Blue: 9 parts
        XF-2 Flat White: 26 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.19 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.26 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.27 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF09 - Extra Dark Sea Grey | GU 4.4
    Target: #5E636B, Mixture: #5E636B
        XF-8 Flat Blue: 1 part
        XF-19 Sky Grey: 5 parts
        XF-24 Dark Grey: 18 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.18 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.38 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.25 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF10 - Ocean Grey | GU 5.5
    Target: #6B7478, Mixture: #6B7477
        XF-18 Medium Blue: 2 parts
        XF-22 RLM Grey: 3 parts
        XF-53 Neutral Grey: 8 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.21 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.19 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.17 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF11 - Light Slate Grey | GU 3.0
    Target: #697368, Mixture: #697368
        XF-4 Yellow Green: 3 parts
        XF-50 Field Blue: 4 parts
        XF-2 Flat White: 4 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.21 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.61 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.95 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF12 - Dark Slate Grey | GU 4.2
    Target: #696B62, Mixture: #696A61
        XF-17 Sea Blue: 1 part
        XF-59 Desert Yellow: 4 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.17 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.57 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.32 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF13 - Sky Grey | GU 3.0
    Target: #A6AAAA, Mixture: #A6ABAA
        XF-17 Sea Blue: 1 part
        XF-19 Sky Grey: 7 parts
        XF-24 Dark Grey: 1 part
        XF-59 Desert Yellow: 2 parts
        XF-2 Flat White: 37 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.24 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.20 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.20 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF14 - Sky | GU 3.3
    Target: #B4BCA3, Mixture: #B4BBA2
        XF-2 Flat White: 34 parts
        XF-4 Yellow Green: 3 parts
        XF-23 Light Blue: 10 parts
        XF-57 Buff: 3 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.26 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.42 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.10 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF15 - Deep Sky | GU 4.8
    Target: #3B5479, Mixture: #445579
        XF-8 Flat Blue: 5 parts
        XF-21 Sky: 2 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 2.53 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 1.47 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 1.40 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF16 - Sky Blue | GU 4.4
    Target: #B6C3C8, Mixture: #B7C4C9
        XF-12 J.N. Grey: 1 part
        XF-18 Medium Blue: 1 part
        XF-2 Flat White: 25 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.25 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.64 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.43 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF17 - Azure Blue | GU 3.3
    Target: #889EC7, Mixture: #849FCA
        XF-8 Flat Blue: 1 part
        XF-2 Flat White: 12 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.68 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 1.66 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.90 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF18 - Light Mediterranean Blue | GU 3.2
    Target: #607390, Mixture: #617591
        XF-2 Flat White: 21 parts
        XF-8 Flat Blue: 7 parts
        XF-10 Flat Brown: 2 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.41 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.79 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.82 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF19 - Dark Mediterranean Blue | GU 2.7
    Target: #445574, Mixture: #455574
        XF-8 Flat Blue: 31 parts
        XF-23 Light Blue: 10 parts
        XF-26 Deep Green: 4 parts
        XF-2 Flat White: 5 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.21 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.33 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.51 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF20 - P.R.U. Blue | GU 2.9
    Target: #546F7A, Mixture: #576F79
        XF-8 Flat Blue: 5 parts
        XF-26 Deep Green: 4 parts
        XF-2 Flat White: 12 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.83 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.77 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 1.00 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF21 - Middle Stone | GU 3.1
    Target: #A8884D, Mixture: #A9894D
        XF-4 Yellow Green: 9 parts
        XF-7 Flat Red: 1 part
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.44 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.58 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 1.06 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF22 - Night | GU 2.2
    Target: #3F3E3F, Mixture: #3F3E3F
        XF-1 Flat Black: 22 parts
        XF-7 Flat Red: 2 parts
        XF-2 Flat White: 1 part
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.10 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.16 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.12 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF23 - Yellow | GU 4.6
    Target: #E9A530, Mixture: #E9A532
        XF-3 Flat Yellow: 25 parts
        XF-7 Flat Red: 1 part
        XF-12 J.N. Grey: 1 part
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.22 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.62 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.72 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF24 - Red | GU 2.7
    Target: #8F4D40, Mixture: #8D4E41
        XF-3 Flat Yellow: 3 parts
        XF-4 Yellow Green: 7 parts
        XF-7 Flat Red: 25 parts
        XF-58 Olive Green: 2 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.70 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.54 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.77 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF25 - Blue | GU 2.4
    Target: #3F495B, Mixture: #3F495B
        XF-5 Flat Green: 4 parts
        XF-8 Flat Blue: 21 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.14 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.38 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.54 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF27 - Matt Red | GU 2.8
    Target: #A7383C, Mixture: #A93639
        XF-7 Flat Red: 47 parts
        XF-19 Sky Grey: 1 part
        XF-2 Flat White: 2 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.92 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.95 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 1.28 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF28 - Matt Blue | GU 5.4
    Target: #43527B, Mixture: #44537B
        XF-8 Flat Blue: 30 parts
        XF-14 J.A. Grey: 1 part
        XF-23 Light Blue: 11 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.22 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.59 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.55 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF29 - Semi Matt Black | GU 5.0
    Target: #3F3E3F, Mixture: #3F3E3F
        XF-1 Flat Black: 4 parts
        XF-9 Hull Red: 1 part
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.15 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.16 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.31 in fluorescent light (F2)

 

Tamiya Lacquers using VOLUME

Spoiler

RAF01 - Light Earth | GU 4.0
    Target: #AB8D68, Mixture: #AB8B68
        LP-83 Mixing Yellow: 2 parts
        LP-51 Pure Orange: 5 parts
        LP-34 Light Gray: 22 parts
        LP-57 Red Brown 2: 8 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.30 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 1.20 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 1.35 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF02 - Dark Earth | GU 3.3
    Target: #79654E, Mixture: #7B644E
        LP-51 Pure Orange: 14 parts
        LP-25 Brown (JGSDF): 19 parts
        LP-58 NATO Brown: 2 parts
        LP-68 Clear Blue: 3 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.48 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.77 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 1.49 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF03 - Light Green | GU 2.9
    Target: #666A58, Mixture: #666958
        LP-1 Black: 1 part
        LP-51 Pure Orange: 10 parts
        LP-68 Clear Blue: 7 parts
        LP-2 White: 10 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.29 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.52 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.57 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF04 - Dark Green | GU 2.6
    Target: #57594D, Mixture: #58594E
        LP-1 Black: 2 parts
        LP-51 Pure Orange: 9 parts
        LP-68 Clear Blue: 6 parts
        LP-2 White: 7 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.30 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.37 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.28 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF05 - Extra Dark Sea Green | GU 2.9
    Target: #54625A, Mixture: #55615A
        LP-1 Black: 1 part
        LP-51 Pure Orange: 4 parts
        LP-34 Light Gray: 5 parts
        LP-68 Clear Blue: 6 parts
        LP-2 White: 1 part
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.12 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.72 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.36 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF06 - Grey Green | GU 3.2
    Target: #758A70, Mixture: #768871
        LP-2 White: 17 parts
        LP-51 Pure Orange: 7 parts
        LP-57 Red Brown 2: 1 part
        LP-68 Clear Blue: 8 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.63 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 1.47 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 1.01 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF07 - Medium Sea Grey | GU 3.0
    Target: #889199, Mixture: #899199
        LP-1 Black: 1 part
        LP-82 Mixing Red: 1 part
        LP-34 Light Gray: 39 parts
        LP-68 Clear Blue: 3 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.55 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.68 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.83 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF08 - Dark Sea Grey | GU 3.5
    Target: #6C7179, Mixture: #6C7179
        LP-1 Black: 3 parts
        LP-81 Mixing Blue: 1 part
        LP-82 Mixing Red: 1 part
        LP-2 White: 26 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.22 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.26 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.25 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF09 - Extra Dark Sea Grey | GU 4.4
    Target: #5E636B, Mixture: #5E646B
        LP-1 Black: 4 parts
        LP-82 Mixing Red: 1 part
        LP-36 Dark Ghost Gray: 24 parts
        LP-68 Clear Blue: 2 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.35 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.43 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.27 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF10 - Ocean Grey | GU 5.5
    Target: #6B7478, Mixture: #6B7478
        LP-1 Black: 3 parts
        LP-34 Light Gray: 28 parts
        LP-68 Clear Blue: 3 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.22 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.32 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.24 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF11 - Light Slate Grey | GU 3.0
    Target: #697368, Mixture: #697367
        LP-1 Black: 2 parts
        LP-81 Mixing Blue: 4 parts
        LP-51 Pure Orange: 11 parts
        LP-25 Brown (JGSDF): 2 parts
        LP-2 White: 27 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.27 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.56 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.47 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF12 - Dark Slate Grey | GU 4.2
    Target: #696B62, Mixture: #686A61
        LP-1 Black: 2 parts
        LP-81 Mixing Blue: 1 part
        LP-51 Pure Orange: 5 parts
        LP-2 White: 14 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.49 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.58 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.29 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF13 - Sky Grey | GU 3.0
    Target: #A6AAAA, Mixture: #A6A9AA
        LP-1 Black: 1 part
        LP-34 Light Gray: 7 parts
        LP-2 White: 36 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 1.29 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 1.25 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 1.05 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF14 - Sky | GU 3.3
    Target: #B4BCA3, Mixture: #B3BAA3
        LP-51 Pure Orange: 1 part
        LP-57 Red Brown 2: 1 part
        LP-68 Clear Blue: 1 part
        LP-2 White: 20 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.62 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.96 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.83 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF15 - Deep Sky | GU 4.8
    Target: #3B5479, Mixture: #3C5579
        LP-82 Mixing Red: 2 parts
        LP-25 Brown (JGSDF): 1 part
        LP-68 Clear Blue: 16 parts
        LP-2 White: 2 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.30 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.88 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.42 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF16 - Sky Blue | GU 4.4
    Target: #B6C3C8, Mixture: #B7C4C9
        LP-34 Light Gray: 4 parts
        LP-36 Dark Ghost Gray: 8 parts
        LP-2 White: 27 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.47 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.48 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.44 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF17 - Azure Blue | GU 3.3
    Target: #889EC7, Mixture: #8D9FC5
        LP-82 Mixing Red: 2 parts
        LP-34 Light Gray: 3 parts
        LP-68 Clear Blue: 6 parts
        LP-2 White: 33 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 1.25 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 1.10 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 1.18 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF18 - Light Mediterranean Blue | GU 3.2
    Target: #607390, Mixture: #627590
        LP-82 Mixing Red: 2 parts
        LP-58 NATO Brown: 2 parts
        LP-68 Clear Blue: 8 parts
        LP-2 White: 11 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.53 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.78 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.99 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF19 - Dark Mediterranean Blue | GU 2.7
    Target: #445574, Mixture: #445674
        LP-82 Mixing Red: 5 parts
        LP-25 Brown (JGSDF): 3 parts
        LP-34 Light Gray: 5 parts
        LP-68 Clear Blue: 25 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.36 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.83 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.39 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF20 - P.R.U. Blue | GU 2.9
    Target: #546F7A, Mixture: #546E7A
        LP-82 Mixing Red: 2 parts
        LP-25 Brown (JGSDF): 8 parts
        LP-68 Clear Blue: 13 parts
        LP-2 White: 8 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.29 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.23 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.86 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF21 - Middle Stone | GU 3.1
    Target: #A8884D, Mixture: #A9874E
        LP-83 Mixing Yellow: 12 parts
        LP-51 Pure Orange: 5 parts
        LP-36 Dark Ghost Gray: 7 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.32 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 1.37 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 1.66 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF22 - Night | GU 2.2
    Target: #3F3E3F, Mixture: #3F3F3F
        LP-1 Black: 9 parts
        LP-58 NATO Brown: 7 parts
        LP-2 White: 6 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.33 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.28 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.27 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF23 - Yellow | GU 4.6
    Target: #E9A530, Mixture: #EAA52C
        LP-83 Mixing Yellow: 44 parts
        LP-51 Pure Orange: 3 parts
        LP-34 Light Gray: 4 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.70 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.40 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 1.06 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF24 - Red | GU 2.7
    Target: #8F4D40, Mixture: #8E4C40
        LP-82 Mixing Red: 4 parts
        LP-51 Pure Orange: 9 parts
        LP-57 Red Brown 2: 5 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.28 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.27 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.39 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF25 - Blue | GU 2.4
    Target: #3F495B, Mixture: #3F495B
        LP-82 Mixing Red: 5 parts
        LP-57 Red Brown 2: 3 parts
        LP-68 Clear Blue: 23 parts
        LP-2 White: 1 part
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.35 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.52 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.59 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF27 - Matt Red | GU 2.8
    Target: #A7383C, Mixture: #AA3742
        LP-82 Mixing Red: 29 parts
        LP-51 Pure Orange: 8 parts
        LP-57 Red Brown 2: 1 part
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 2.18 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 1.75 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 2.85 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF28 - Matt Blue | GU 5.4
    Target: #43527B, Mixture: #41527B
        LP-82 Mixing Red: 2 parts
        LP-36 Dark Ghost Gray: 2 parts
        LP-68 Clear Blue: 11 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.22 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 1.22 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.45 in fluorescent light (F2)
RAF29 - Semi Matt Black | GU 5.0
    Target: #3F3E3F, Mixture: #3F3E3E
        LP-1 Black: 21 parts
        LP-82 Mixing Red: 3 parts
        LP-51 Pure Orange: 7 parts
        LP-25 Brown (JGSDF): 5 parts
        LP-2 White: 15 parts
   50x10050x100 50x10050x100 50x10050x100
DE00: 0.38 in daylight (D65)
DE00: 0.43 in incandescent light (A)
DE00: 0.50 in fluorescent light (F2)

 

Edited by Casey
Removed Quinacridone/Nickel Azo Gold paint from Golden Fluid Acrylics range since it is not obtainable anymore
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On 4/15/2022 at 5:07 PM, Ngantek said:

This is a wonderful resource, thank you so much for posting! 

Yes, indeed. This thread and its images should be saved somehow so it doesn't go away.

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Just interested, roughly what kind of algorithm do you use to get these mixes? Presumably with, say, tamiya 1 to 14, there's a wide range of colour overlap. How would it differ just using, say, just red, blue, yellow, black and white? I have no knowledge whatsoever on methodology or colour classification.

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1 hour ago, Ngantek said:

Just interested, roughly what kind of algorithm do you use to get these mixes? Presumably with, say, tamiya 1 to 14, there's a wide range of colour overlap. How would it differ just using, say, just red, blue, yellow, black and white? I have no knowledge whatsoever on methodology or colour classification.

Not speaking in name of the topic starter, but with the right basic colours, it is possible.
But mostly you get faster to your goal when using colours more suitable to "get there".

Edited by Steben
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7 hours ago, Ngantek said:

Just interested, roughly what kind of algorithm do you use to get these mixes? Presumably with, say, tamiya 1 to 14, there's a wide range of colour overlap. How would it differ just using, say, just red, blue, yellow, black and white? I have no knowledge whatsoever on methodology or colour classification.

 

Be very, very careful when you are asking me about math because you may just get an answer :D

 

I am using Kubelka Munk theory (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubelka-Munk_theory) to predict how the pigment and their mixtures react to the light.

 

I found this video to have a good explanation of the underlying theory and how it can be used in practice to solve the (so far mostly unsolved) problem of why the digital painting does not work like real one.

 

Edited by Casey
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6 hours ago, Steben said:

Not speaking in name of the topic starter, but with the right basic colours, it is possible.
But mostly you get faster to your goal when using colours more suitable to "get there".

It is possible if I only used 3 colors and white. Black can be mixed too.

 

In theory, all that is needed is to pick 4 pigments that cover the largest possible color space, lets say Hansa Yellow, Phthalo Blue, Quinacridone Magenta and Titanium White. The problem is that recipes that use those colors will depend on very precise measurements of pigments and even small error will be very noticeable, especially in the colors in the middle of the color space - which is exactly where most of the aviation modeller color range sits.

 

It is more practical to use multiple pigments to have easy and more error resilient recipes.

 

Fun fact: Your home printer uses very precise measurements of Hansa Yellow, Phthalo Blue and Quinacridone Magenta (further called: Yellow, Cyan and Magenta). Printer paper is quite often covered in Titanium White. And black is either mixed or supplied additionally to battle the difficulties of practical color mixing.

 

I wonder why :)

Edited by Casey
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9 hours ago, Ngantek said:

How would it differ just using, say, just red, blue, yellow, black and white?

as the other answers suggest, theoretically yes.  Basic thing taught in primary school.

And I remember being a very frustrated 8 year old trying to make 'black' with humbrol red, yellow and dark blue...

BUT, you just don't really get pure pigments,  and even printer struggle, which is why the better ones use a hex colour system.

 

A better idea can be got from looking at an artist paint mix guide , watercolour use the white of the paper,  so here's oil paint basics

 

Titanium White [note this is a blue white] 

Cadmium Lemon or Cadmium Yellow Light (cool yellow)

Cadmium Red Light (warm red)

Alizarin Crimson (cool red)

Ultramarine Blue (violet blue)

Dioxazine Purple (violet)

Cerulean Blue or Phthalo Blue (green blue, dark)

Viridian Green (cool green, middle value)

Black

Burnt Umber (warm dark brown)

from https://www.virtualartacademy.com/oil-paints-for-beginners/

 

The Tamiya basic Red, Yellow and Blue are pigments mixes.   

 

The sub tints caused by these make things muddy.... I remember one trying to explain the the daughters mother who like wacky hair colours, in this case green,  that the reason she was getting a browny green was that the blue was a purple blue and the yellow was a lemony (ie greeny)  and the colour mix was correct, the green and red aspect making brown....   though she kept telling me that blue and yellow make green so why didn't it work ....  I think after the third explanation of the same basic point  I was ended up getting a bit snappy... 

 

Anyway,  it's also of note that the basic colours referred to are the ones used in 4 colour printing, (which is what most colur printing uses, know as CMYK, Cyan, yellow Magenta and Black, the K stand for key BTW as it's oten used as the key colour)  and the rise of the digital screen transmitted as opposed to reflected light) is another factors.

 

As regards camouflage paint and the real world of painting lots and lots of large bits of machinery, it required a VAST amount of paint,  @Mike Starmer says that the British army in WW2 needed 8,000 tons of paint a year!

 

The amount needed for the  aircraft industries was probably  a lot more. 

 

I keep quoting this as it was the most useful bit of information I have read about actual military paint, courtesy of @Jamie @ Sovereign Hobbies as modellers we are used to tiny little pots, not dealing with having to make thousands of gallons, where pigments cost and availability become VERY important

 

I'm going to point out some facts about real-life paint manufacture and either the reader will understand and "get it" or will not understand and are in no position to contradict me.

 

1) Usually camouflage colours are fairly low saturation colours because these blend in better with nature. They're seldom bright and bold. Low saturation colours are normally manufactured by adding coloured pigments to a base made from inexpensive white or white and black pigments.

 

2) Colour pigments are expensive. The expense varies depending on the specific pigment, but they're expensive.

 

3) The only way to over-saturate a colour so much is to substantially over-dose your base with the expensive colour pigments. I'm not talking about a few percent more or less - that causes minor differences which you only confirm the presence of with one swatch adjacent to another - I'm talking more in the order of a double dose to get something you obviously look at and think "woah".

 

4) In the case of colours like dark olive, these are mostly white, black and ochre (which is relatively inexpensive for a colour pigment) sometimes further tinted with a bit of red or green (which are often very expensive).

 

5) There can certainly be variances in a manufactured paint, but these tend to be greatly overstated, i.e. used as a ready made excuse for all sorts of mistakes. Ultimately, the only way a manufactured paint can end up so oversaturated is to have dumped in a vast amount of the expensive pigments, if not adding in new additional pigments in large quantities not expected in the recipe. Frankly, it's difficult to see how any manufactured paint could end up so drastically off target, particularly in the over-saturated sense, by any business that wasn't actively trying to bankrupt itself by roasting through obscene quantities of pigments like chrome green which were already expensive at the start of the war and in particularly short supply during.

 

6) I'd venture that most of the "there was a war on, you know" type apologists for such spectacular errors probably don't have any actual experience of what is and isn't possible when mixing different proportions of 2,3 or 4 pigments when 2 of those are usually black and white just to make your base to tint. You simply cannot end up with a Humbrol 30-esque bluish green using only the ingredients to make olive - i.e. you'd actually have to sabotage it by introducing if not blue then an obviously bluish green. Same goes for that bright green Spitfire above - you can't achieve that with black, white, ochre and a touch of red - you'd need to fire in a lot of bright green pigment in to get that saturated on an overly-light base. It would be more tan-like just using the basic olive green ingredients which only turns obviously olive when tinted enough with black. Put another way, with a fixed number of pigments in various ratios you WILL end up somewhere within a certain envelope, and usually when colours like this bright green are discussed it's because it's well outside that envelope.

 

The point of all the above? In essence it's harder to make a credible explanation for how such a colour might have been arrived at in a real-life paint manufacturing environment than it is to demonstrate that someone would have had to go to a lot of trouble to get it so far wrong. That is harder to rationalise than just getting it closer to correct.

 

from https://www.britmodeller.com/forums/index.php?/topic/235078859-accuracy-of-ammo-by-mig-jiménez-raf-wwii-colours/page/3/#elControls_4045174_menu 

 

which is an interesting thread in itself.  Note the shortage of green pigments in Britain in early WW2 forced the army and navy to stop using green pigments, these being reserved for aircraft, and example, the army used Khaki Green G3 until 1942  when they had to switch to SCC2 brown which was made using an aluminium by product pigment.

 

3 hours ago, Casey said:

Be very, very careful when you are asking me about math because you may just get an answer :D

 

I am using Kubelka Munk theory (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubelka-Munk_theory) to predict how the pigment and their mixtures react to the light.

very interesting.  I don't think anyone would mind the math,  but might just be baffled... though be surprised as we have some very knowledgeable members.. 

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1 hour ago, Troy Smith said:

Usually camouflage colours are fairly low saturation colours because these blend in better with nature. They're seldom bright and bold. Low saturation colours are normally manufactured by adding coloured pigments to a base made from inexpensive white or white and black pigments.

 

I am actually making making use of that fact - I've prioritized pigments based on their cost so my math first tries to achieve the result with an inexpensive black, white and ochre-class pigments, then proceeds with more expensive ones. This is done only for Golden Fluid calculations since I could assign the 'cost' range based on known pigment composition, Tamiya does not give me any clue about what is in the pot...

 

 

1 hour ago, Troy Smith said:

I don't think anyone would mind the math,  but might just be baffled... though be surprised as we have some very knowledgeable members.. 

 

I'll keep it in mind. I'll probably make a separate thread for that. One thing at a time.

 

My current hobby work pile is:

 

Characterization of paints to use for mixing:

  • Golden Fluid Acrylics - done
  • Tamiya - 16 paints done

Color reproduction:

  • British Aviation Colours of World War Two - this thread
  • RLM Merrick and Hitchcock - I upated it with improved mixes using the assumption above
  • Humbrol colors reproduction - I foolishly placed measurements and mixes on separate threads. I will probably need to make one thread out of those once I finish with all the Humbrol paints I could find. I am very close to that goal.
  • Official United States Aircraft Colors 1908-1993
  • Camouflage & Markings of Imperial Japanese Navy Bombers in WWII
  • FS595 - I've (partially as a joke) shared tamiya recipes for those on one thread, but I am working on full set
  • RAL
  • BS 381C:1996

Maybe I should make a vote somewhere? :) Day has only 24hours for me.... that stubborn rounded Erf spinning all the time...

Edited by Casey
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51 minutes ago, Casey said:

Tamiya does not give me any clue about what is in the pot...

I have seen mention of what in the pot,  possibly taken from safety data sheets?     If I remember more on this I'll add it in.  maybe something done by Nick Millman, he no longer posts here,  but you can find him on the aviation of Japan blog, and I think you have a lot of common ground.

 

Cheers

T

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On 15/04/2022 at 19:14, Casey said:

RAF002 - Dark Earth - Flat
    Suggested using total of 10 parts (DE00: 0.34)
        XF-4 - Yellow Green: 4
        XF-10 - Flat Brown: 5
        XF-12 - J.N. Grey: 1

I finally got some of these paint colours.  Dark Earth has really bugged me, so this is one I tried first.

 

The above mix gives a red hued brown, even under artificial light this is nothing like Dark Earth.      

The closest on the chart is Red, it's a lot browner, but still very red, the mix reminds me of the red-brown used on Japanese propellers.

 

Now, I did mention that I found Tamiya to be inconsistent between batches in colours I have,  so that may play a part. 

 

FWIW, XF-4:2/ XF-10:1/XF-62(Olive Drab):1 looks promising avenue, but will have to check in daylight.    

 

 

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35 minutes ago, Troy Smith said:

I finally got some of these paint colours.  Dark Earth has really bugged me, so this is one I tried first.

 

The above mix gives a red hued brown, even under artificial light this is nothing like Dark Earth.      

The closest on the chart is Red, it's a lot browner, but still very red, the mix reminds me of the red-brown used on Japanese propellers.

 

Now, I did mention that I found Tamiya to be inconsistent between batches in colours I have,  so that may play a part. 

 

FWIW, XF-4:2/ XF-10:1/XF-62(Olive Drab):1 looks promising avenue, but will have to check in daylight.    

 

 

 

Ok, let me mix my batch and let's see what it goes into. If Tamiya is inconsistent I may need to skip doing the Tamiya math...

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I did whisked the color, and it looks tiny bit different but not that much:

 

p?i=a142926f2487e7a4e76202d12f0b9ef4

 

BUT the result paint pair is very metameric (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamerism_(color)) - you can see it on the spectrum (read: it is a match in certain light conditions only. In my case, D65 - full day).

 

Normally I avoid it by using single pigments to match the curve, but Tamiya has mixes by itself, and does not leave me with much choices there...

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14 hours ago, Casey said:

and it looks tiny bit different but not that much:

 

Left RAF museum chip,  right Tamiya mix  XF-4 - Yellow Green: 4,  XF-10 - Flat Brown: 5,   XF-12 - J.N. Grey: 1.   Direct sun.

52068547373_a6f991b9c1_b.jpg50620161 by losethekibble, on Flickr

 

The mix is very red under any light, direct sun, indirect daylight, artificial light which are LED bulb.

 

I will try some more of the mixes,    If you want I can send brush out of the Tamiya base paint used,  to see if this is down to poor Tamiya batch matching.  

 

 

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Now, some math

 

This is the (probably?) the best possible match using first 16 Tamiya paints without going to crazy with paint ratios.

 

Here is what my math returned for such Tamiya mix (you can compare it to the real spectrophotometer results a few posts above)

p?i=3388a27730d1d57517a88fa5aee5cd3c
This mixture match is metameric match. I would conclude it is probably impractical to match Dark Earth using only the first 16 Tamiya paints.

 

To compare, I tried same target crazy ratios. It is bit closer but it is still metameric.

p?i=36953568375feeb5069bafe75047e9c0

 

Real Dark Earth seems to be best matched with mixture of black, sienna and titanium dioxide. Considering they were the cheapest pigments available.

 

Here is an example mix using only those with relatively small ratios.

p?i=e68e1cd189c0dfc36ec7e991a6a58ab7

My Golden mix also adds yellow to further fit the book paint sample curve better, but I am not so sure if it was really used in practice.

 

Edited by Casey
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Would it be really annoying (or even worthwhile) to try some of the more difficult mixes by maybe starting with an extra colour most adjacent to the final match. So xf52 for dark earth say. So each one would the 'closest match' colour with the algorithm matching using 1 to 14?

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2 minutes ago, Ngantek said:

So xf52 for dark earth say.

I have tried numerous (and I mean 50 + mixes) for Dark Earth. Some have got close,  XF-52 is no use,  it's got far too much white in it.  This is a common problem with Tamiya, they are already reasonably complex pigment mixes. 

In the case of XF-52,  you can't get rid of the white, meaning any mix is too washed out.

 

Some of the best results were with a mix XF-49 khaki, XF-62 olive drab and XF-64 red brown,  but, again, the khaki has too much white

I'm trying now using XF-4 yellow green to replace XF-49 khaki.

 

I got some interesting results using black, yellow red with a drop of white.    I suspect the real pigments are  the real paint is black, white and yellow ochre,  (the black and ochre gives the greeness) and a little red brown (sienna) 

 

What would really be good is a set of tamiya paints using single pigments....

 

@Casey  The Dark Green Tamiya mix looks good though. 

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8 minutes ago, Troy Smith said:

What would really be good is a set of tamiya paints using single pigments...

So far I found two.

 

Carbon Black and Titanium White... :)

 

8 minutes ago, Troy Smith said:

I suspect the real pigments are  the real paint is black, white and yellow ochre,  (the black and ochre gives the greeness) and a little red brown (sienna) 

I can confirm it from my math simulations above. Burnt sienna and raw sienna are similar family to yellow ochre, here is comparison.

 

1486004-TubeCollection-earths.jpeg

 

 

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